St. Botolph, an Abbot, died c.680. His Feast day is the 17th June. A very popular Saint in Medieval England, but little is known about him. With his brother Adulf he became a monk abroad and in 654 established a monastery at Icanhoh, usually identified with Boston (Botulf's stone) in Lincolnshire. St. Cedfrid is said to have journeyed all the way from Wearmouth (Tyneside) to converse with this man - " of remarkable life and learning".
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St. Botulph or BOTOLPH.
Abbot, date of birth unknown;
died c. 680. St. Botulph, the saint whose name is perpetuated in that of the
American city of Boston, Massachusetts, was certainly an historical personage,
though the story of his life is very confused and unsatisfactory. What information
we possess about him is mainly derived from a short biography by Folcard, monk
of St. Bertin and Abbot of Thorney, who wrote in the eleventh century (Hardy,
Catalogue of Brit. Hist., I, 373). According to him Botulph was born of noble
Saxon parents who were Christians, and was sent with his brother Adulph to the
Continent for the purpose of study. Adulph remained aboard, where he is stated
to have become Bishop of Utrecht, though his name does not occur in any of the
ancient lists. Botulph, returning to England, found favour with a certain Ethelmund,
"King of the southern Angles", whose sisters he had known in Germany, and was
by him permitted to choose a tract of desolate land upon which to build a monastery.
This place, surrounded by water and called Icanhoe (Ox-island), is commonly
identified with the town of Boston in Lincolnshire, mainly on account of its
name (Boston=Botulph's town). There is, however, something to suggest that the
true spot may be the village of Iken in Suffolk which of old was almost encircled
by the little river Alde, and in which the church is also dedicated to St. Botulph.
In favour of Lincolnshire must be reckoned the fact that St. Botulph was much
honoured in the North and in Scotland. Thus his feast was entered in the York
calendar but not in that of Sarum. Moreover, even Folcard speaks of the Scots
as Botulph's neighbours (vicini). In favour of Suffolk, on the other hand, may
be quoted the tradition that St. Botulph, who is also called "bishop", was first
buried at Grundisburgh, a village near Woodbridge, and afterwards translated
to Bury St. Edmunds. This, however, may be another person, since he is always
closely associated with a certain St. Jurmin (Arnold, Memorials of Bury, I,
352). That Botulph really did build a monastery at Icanhoe is attested by an
entry in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle under the year 654: Botulf ongan thoet mynster
timbrian oet Yceanho, i.e. Botulph began to build the minster at Icanhoe. That
the saint must have lived somewhere in the Eastern counties is proved by the
indisputable evidence of the "Historia Abbatum" (Plummer's Bede, I, 389), where
we learn that Ceolfrid, Bede's beloved master at Wearmouth, "journied to the
East Angles in order that he might see the foundation of Abbot Botulphus, whom
fame had proclaimed far and wide to be a man of remarkable life and learning,
full of the grace of the Holy Spirit", and the account goes on to say that Ceolfrid
"having been abundantly instructed, so far as was possible in a short time,
returned home so well equipped that no one could be found more learned than
he either in ecclesiastical or monastic traditions". Folcard represents St.
Botulph as living and dying at Icanhoe in spite of the molestations of the evil
spirits to which he was exposed at his first coming. Later accounts, e.g. the
lessons of the Schleswig Breviary, suppose him to have changed his habitation
more than once and to have built at one time a monastery upon the bank of the
Thames in honour of St. Martin. His relics are said after the incursions of
the Danes to have been recovered and divided by St. Aethelwold between Ely,
Thorney Abbey, and King Edgar's private chapel. What is more certain is that
St. Botulph was honoured by many dedications of churches, over fifty in all,
especially in East Anglia and in the North. His name is perpetuated not only
by the little town of Boston in Lincolnshire with its American homonym, but
also by Bossal in Yorkshire, Botesdale in Suffolk, Botolph Bridge in Huntingdonshire,
and Botolph in Sussex. In England his feast was kept on 17 June, in Scotland
on 25 June.
STANTON, Menology, 271; Acta SS., June, III, 402; MABILLON, Acta SS. Benedict., III, 1; STUBBS in Dict. Christ. Biog.; GRANT, in Dict. Nat. Biog.; FORBES, Calendars of Scottish Saints (Edinburgh, 1872), 283; and especially ARNOLD-FORSTER, Church Dedications (London, 1899), II, 52-56.
HERBERT THURSTON, Transcribed by Steve Fanning
The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume II Copyright © 1907 by Robert Appleton Company Online Edition Copyright © 1999 by Kevin Knight Imprimatur. +John M. Farley, Archbishop of New York